Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

October 22, 2026

A Persian-Arabic Lexicon in a Collection of Afghan Jewish Documents

A study sheet for a medieval official?

In the early 2010s, experts became aware of a trove of hundreds of manuscript fragments found in a cave in northern Afghanistan, written in Hebrew, Aramaic, Judeo-Arabic, and Judeo-Persian between the 11th and 13th centuries. Connected to a family living in the city of Bamiyan, these documents became known as the Afghan Genizah, although they are not from a genizah—a repository for discarded sacred texts—in the technical sense. Kevin Blankinship describes a vocabulary list from the collection:

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