Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

February 13, 2017

Germany’s Jewish Mathematicians on the Eve of the Holocaust

And a rare Gentile who stood up for them.

Born in Germany in 1891, Abraham Fraenkel embarked on a highly successful career as a mathematician. In the 1960s, while living in Israel, he wrote a memoir about his life up until the early years of the Third Reich. At one point he reminisces about some of the outstanding mathematicians he knew in pre-World War II Germany and their reactions to the changing climate there, including one of the rare Gentile professors who stood up for Jewish colleagues:

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