Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

June 9, 2021

How Kabbalists Reinterpreted the Menorah as the Perfect Metaphor for Their Cosmology

In the Middle Ages, one of Judaism’s most enduring symbols took on new meaning.

In many prayerbooks that follow the traditions of Middle Eastern Jewry, as well as of some Ḥasidim, it is common to find a diagram of a seven-branch menorah (like the one found in the two temples) inscribed with biblical or liturgical verses. Such pictures go back to the Middle Ages, when early Jewish mystics began to ascribe kabbalistic significance to one of the oldest and most enduring Jewish symbols. Naturally, as Chen Malul explains, many focused on the mystically meaningful number seven and its relation to the s’firot, or divine emanations connecting God’s essence to the world:

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