Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

December 19, 2016

The King Who Deposed the Maccabees and Renovated the Temple

Herod’s ambivalent relationship with Judaism.

Herod the Great, who ruled Judea as a Roman vassal from 40 to 4 BCE, is primarily known today from the New Testament and Christian art, which portray him as a brutal tyrant. He doesn’t come off much better in the Talmud, in the writings of Josephus, or in other Jewish sources. Yet Herod, who was of Edomite and Arab ancestry and dubious Jewishness, saved Judea from foreign invasion, renovated the Temple (building what is now the Western Wall), and maintained an uneasy modus vivendi with the Pharisees. Antonio Piñero writes:

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