Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

July 10, 2026

The Rabbis Who Helped Create America’s Weekend

Two days of rest.

At the turn of the century, many American states had blue laws requiring that businesses close on Sunday, while many factories and other enterprises expected their employees to work six days a week. The result was enormous pressure on religious Jews to work on Shabbat. Yosef Bitton describes how two rabbis, Hayim Pereira Mendes (1852–1937) and Bernard Drachman (1861–1945), fought to change this.

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