Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

July 29, 2022

The Uncomfortable Legacy of Germany’s Jewish Revolutionaries

“My Judaism lives in everything that I start and that I am.”

In 1913, Adolf Hitler settled in Munich, and it was there that he later joined the Nazi party and, in 1923, led it in the failed attempt to overthrow the German government known as the Beerhall Putsch. The city was also the center of three socialist revolutions in 1918 and 1919, the leaders of which were mostly Jews. That story, and its connection to the rise of Hitler, is the subject of a recent book by the historian Michael Brenner. Steven Aschheim writes in his review:

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