Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

May 14, 2026

The Jewish Philosopher Who Operated Outside the Greco-Islamic Tradition

While studying mathematics and astronomy.

Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel of Prague (c. 1525–1609), known in rabbinic circles as the Maharal, is today most associated with the legend that he created a golem to defend the Jews of his city—which probably was an early-20th-century invention. Because of his eclectic interests, his approach to the Talmud, Kabbalah, and other traditional subjects, and his overall worldview, he was very much out of step with the rabbinic thought of his time. Tamar Marvin argues that his thought is the closest thing to “a natively Jewish philosophy” before the modern era:

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