Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

July 21, 2026

The Book of Job through Rabbinic Eyes

How it became a vehicle for discussing divine providence.

According to rabbinic tradition, among the many activities forbidden on the Ninth of Av—the day of national mourning that begins tomorrow evening—is the study of Torah, which, it is assumed, brings joy. Exception is made for biblical and talmudic passages concerning the destruction of Jerusalem and so forth, as well as for the book of Job. Jason Kalman, in conversation with Nachi Weinstein, examines the sometimes surprising ways Jewish thinkers have a approached this text, from the talmudic sages (in Hebrew, Hazal) to Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik in the 20th century. Contrary to what one might assume, it was only in the Middle Ages that the story of Job became a vehicle for philosophical discussions of hashgahah, or divine providence. (Audio, 58 minutes.)

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