Tikvah
Editors’ Pick

December 12, 2025

Why the Chinese Called Jews “Pluckers of the Sinews”

An insider reference for the “Blue-Hat Muslims.”

The only significant premodern Jewish community in East Asia, the Jews of Kaifeng, China had disappeared by the middle of the 19th century. Aaron Demsky examines the three names by which they were known: Yi-ci-le-ye (a Sinicization of Israelites), “Blue-Hat Muslims” (as opposed to the “White-Hat Muslims,” i.e., Muslims), and “the Sect that Plucks out the Sinews.” The final name is a reference to the ancient prohibition on eating the sciatic nerve, which appears in last week’s Torah reading of Va-yishlah, and recalls Jacob’s wrestling match with the angel. Demsky considers its significance: 

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